A comparison of manual handling risks in different domestic waste collection systems using three separate evaluation methods

Abstract Arising out of the challenge for Local Authorities (LAs) to operate sustainable systems work, is avoid creation ill-health including most significant causes physical absence, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The study's aim was compare reliability manual handling element Health and Safety Executives (HSEs) risk comparator tool different domestic waste collection methods with self-reported pain via body-mapping MSD ill health absence rates. Participatory exercises were carried in five LAs one LA resurveyed, six months after move from 35 50 L containers a wheeled bin recycling service. lowest levels services designed 240l bins excluding glass; highest that included 100l garden sacks boxes. Industry data supports previous laboratory studies showing be associated less outcomes than boxes, baskets sacks. Triangulation established statistically correlation 0.85 (Pearson) between average pain-count (APC) mean rates, strong 0.77 (Spearman) APC rating. moderate, 0.49 rating, reflecting possible intervening variables low participation rate by LAs. contribution this study improve design strategies minimise absence. In reliable data, body mapping should used as proxy method assessing risk.